RESUMO
Este trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização nutricional (umidade, proteínas, lipídeos, cinzas e açúcares totais), quantificação do Valor Energético Total (VET) e determinação do teor de carotenoides totais dos frutos de cajuzinho do cerrado (Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil.), curriola (Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk) e inharé (Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul), do Cerrado mato grossense. No intuito de oferecer uma alternativa de dieta nutritiva e incentivar o reaproveitamento de alimentos, foram analisadas polpas e cascas destes frutos. O cajuzinho do cerrado apresentou expressiva quantidade de carotenoides totais nas polpas (5,95 mg/100g) e cascas (6,55 mg/100g). Já a curriola apresentou um valor considerável de cinzas (0,66%) nas polpas e mostraram quantidade significativa de Valor Energético Total (80,96 Kcal/100g). O inharé destacou-se por apresentar elevado teor de proteínas nas cascas (3,76%) e polpas (3,19%). Estes resultados mostraram que polpas e cascas dos frutos analisados, podem ser utilizadas como fonte de nutrientes ou como ingredientes na elaboração de novos alimentos com potencial funcional. Este é o primeiro estudo que avalia o potencial nutricional e carotenoides totais nas cascas destes frutos do Cerrado mato grossense.
This study aimed at performing the nutritional characterization (moisture, protein, lipid, ashes and total sugar), quantification of the Total Energy Value (TEV) and determination of carotenoid content of cajuzinho do cerrado (Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil.), curriola (Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk) and inharé (Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul), of the Midwestern Cerrado. Aiming at offering a nutritious alternative of diet and motivating the reuse of foods, the pulps and peels of fruits were analyzed. Cajuzinho do cerrado showed expressive amount of total carotenoids in the pulps (5.95 mg/100g) and peels (6.55 mg/100g). The curriola presented a considerable amount of ash (0.66%) in the pulps and a significant amount of Total Energy Value (80.96 Kcal/100g). On the other hand, the inharé had a high amount of protein in the peels (3.76%) and pulps (3.19%). These results showed that pulps and peels of the analyzed fruits can be used as source of nutrients or as ingredients in the manufacture of new functional foods. This is the first report which evaluates the nutritional potential and total carotenoids in peels of fruits from Midwestern Cerrado.
Assuntos
Anacardium/química , Composição de Alimentos , Frutas/química , Moraceae/química , Pouteria/química , Valor Nutritivo , Brasil , PradariaRESUMO
O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a composição centesimal e a capacidade antioxidante de farinhas das castanhas do baru, caju, e brasil. Com os resultados, pode-se observar diferença no teor de umidade, as castanhas de baru e caju apresentaram os maiores valores, 5,45±0,38% e 5,77±0,46% respectivamente. Para lipídios houve diferença entre as três amostras, 70,80±1,65% para castanha-do-brasil, 49,93±2,93% para de caju e 35,63±1,53% para o baru. Com relação a proteínas, o baru apresentou 14,57±1,70%. Foi realizada análise de aminoácidos das castanhas. A capacidade antioxidante equivalente a TROLOX (µmol/g) foi 1,718±0,10, 0,553±0,05, 0,502±0,05, para caju, castanha-do-brasil e baru respectivamente. A castanha de baru, fruto típico do cerrado, revelou-se uma ótima opção de consumo comparada a castanhas tradicionalmente consumidas.
Assuntos
Anacardium/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Bertholletia/química , Composição de Alimentos , Dipteryx/química , Valor NutritivoRESUMO
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dengue fever is a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti Linn. (1792) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito, which is endemic in several regions of Brazil. Alternative methods for the control of the vector include botanical insecticides, which offer advantages such as lower environmental contamination levels and less likelihood of resistant populations. Thus, in this study, the ability of botanical insecticide formulations to inhibit the activity of the liver enzymes serum cholinesterase and malate dehydrogenase was evaluated. METHODS: Inhibition profiles were assessed using in vitro assays for cholinesterase and malate dehydrogenase activity and quantitated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy at 410nm to 340nm. RESULTS Insecticide products formulated from cashew nutshell liquid [A] and ricinoleic acid [B] showed cholinesterase activity levels of 6.26IU/mL and 6.61IU/mL, respectively, while the control level for cholinesterase was 5-12IU/mL. The products did not affect the level of 0.44IU/mL established for malate dehydrogenase, as the levels produced by [A] and [B] were 0.43IU/mL and 0.45IU/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that in vitro testing of the formulated products at concentrations lethal to A. aegypti did not affect the activity of cholinesterase and malate dehydrogenase, indicating the safety of these products.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Ácidos Ricinoleicos/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Colinesterases/efeitos dos fármacos , Anacardium/química , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Fígado/enzimologia , Malato Desidrogenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Técnicas In Vitro , Ácidos Ricinoleicos/isolamento & purificação , Aedes , Insetos Vetores/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The objective of this work was investigate the synergistic, additive and antagonistic effects of fruit mixtures on total antioxidant capacities and bioactive compounds in tropical fruit juices, and optimize its formulation by the response surface methodology based on the responses: total polyphenols (TP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ascorbic acid content and sensorial acceptance. Camu-camu, acerola and acai were the major factors that influenced the antioxidant potential of the juice; and the yellow mombin showed a positive effect on the acceptance of the tropical juice. It was observed an antagonistic effect between acerola and camu-camu for the TAC response. The optimum formulation obtained was 20% acerola, 10% camu-camu, 10% yellow mombin, 10% cashew apple and 10% acai, which was responsible for a response of 155.46 mg.100 g-1 of ascorbic acid, 103.01 mg of GAE.100 g-1 of TP, 10.27 μM Trolox g-1 of TAC and approximately 6.1 of acceptance.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar los efectos sinérgicos, aditivos y antagónicos de mezclas de diferentes frutas tropicales en la capacidad antioxidante total (TAC) y compuestos bioactivos presentes en los jugos mixtos, y optimizar su formulación por la metodología de superficie de respuesta basado en las evaluaciones de: polifenoles totales (TP), capacidad antioxidante total (TAC), contenido de ácido ascórbico y la aceptación sensorial. Camu-camu, acerola y acai fueron las frutas que más influyeron en el potencial antioxidante del jugo mixto; y el jobo mostró un efecto positivo en la aceptación del jugo mixto tropical. Se observó un efecto antagónico entre acerola y camu-camu para la TAC. La formulación óptima obtenida contenía 20% acerola, 10% de camu-camu, 10% el jobo, 10% de manzana de marañón y 10% de acai, la cual ha proporcionado contenidos medio de 155,46 mg.100 g-1 de ácido ascórbico, 103,01 mg de GAE.100 g-1 de TP, 10,27 mM Trolox g-1 de TAC y aproximadamente 6.1 de aceptación sensorial.
Assuntos
Humanos , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Anacardiaceae/química , Anacardium/química , Ananas/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Fracionamento Químico/métodos , Interações Medicamentosas , Euterpe/química , Mangifera/química , Polifenóis/análise , Projetos de Pesquisa , PaladarRESUMO
In this work, natural cashew apple juice was used as cultivation medium as an alternative to substitute brain heart infusion medium. The effect of aeration and juice supplementation with yeast extract on the production of hyaluronic acid in batch fermentation was also investigated. Similar levels of cell mass were obtained in inoculum using cashew apple juice supplemented with yeast extract or the conventional brain heart infusion medium. Fermentation in Erlenmeyer flasks produced low biomass and hyaluronic acid concentrations. The hyaluronic acid concentration and viscosity increased from 0.15 g/L and 3.87 cP (no aeration or medium supplementation) to 1.76 g/L and 107 cP, when aeration (2 vvm) and 60 g/L of yeast extract were used. The results suggest the production of low-molecular weight hyaluronic acid oligomers instead of the high molecular weight polymer.
Assuntos
Anacardium/química , Meios de Cultura/química , Ácido Hialurônico/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Biomassa , FermentaçãoRESUMO
Este trabalho analisou a composição centesimal, o conteúdo de vitamina C e de compostos fenólicos, e avaliou a atividade antioxidante de pseudofrutos de caju arbóreo do Cerrado, provenientes de três regiões do estado de Goiás. Os pseudofrutos apresentaram elevados teores de umidade (superiores a 80 %) e baixos teores de proteínas, lipídios, cinzas e carboidratos totais. Os pseudofrutos das regiões de Faina e Santa Terezinha podem ser considerados ricos em vitamina C. Os teores de compostos fenólicos observados nos pseudofrutos foram superiores ao de frutas como cajá, abacaxi e tamarindo. Estes compostos apresentaram atividade antioxidante relevante pelo método DPPH, e o consumo do pseudofruto de caju arbóreo pode ser recomendado como fonte complementar de antioxidantes dietéticos.
This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition, the vitamin C and total phenolic contents andthe antioxidant activity of arboreal cashew pseudo-fruits collected from three regions of the state ofGoiás, Brazil. The pseudo-fruits showed high moisture content (above 80 %) and low contents of protein,lipid, ash and total carbohydrates. The pseudo-fruits from Faina and Santa Terezinhas regions might beconsidered rich in vitamin C. The phenolic contents were higher than those found in fruits like yellowmombin (cajá), pineapple and tamarind. These compounds showed significant antioxidant activity byDPPH methodology. Therefore, the consumption of arboreal cashew pseudo-fruit might be recommendedas an additional source of dietary antioxidants.
Assuntos
Anacardium/química , Antioxidantes , Compostos Fenólicos , Ingestão de Alimentos , Ácido Ascórbico , BrasilRESUMO
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar tres bebidas mistas a base de caja (Spondias mombin L.) e caju (Anacardium occidentale), na forma "pronto para beber", com propriedades prebioticas e avaliar as suas caracteristicas quimicas, fisico-quimicas e sensoriais. Foram desenvolvidas quatro formulacoes com duas combinacoes de polpa de fruta, sacarose e ingredientes prebioticos (inulina padrao, inulina de alto desempenho- HP e frutooligossacarideos- FOS). As formulacoes foram submetidas as determinacoes de pH, acidez, solidos soluveis, acucares, acido ascorbico, carotenoides totais e polifenois totais e avaliacoes da aceitacao dos atributos sensoriais, corpo, docura e impressao global, atitude de compra e preferencia dos consumidores. Verificou-se que o pH (3,19 a 3,40), solidos soluveis totais (14,80 a 15,40 oBrix) e polifenois totais (24,76 a 34,58mg/100g) apresentaram diferenca estatistica significativa (p .0,01). Enquanto para os teores de acidez total (0,48 a 0,56 mg/100g), acucares totais (7,78 a 9,84%), acucares redutores (1,62 a 2,08%), acucares nao redutores (5,86 a 7,85%), acido ascorbico (33,43 a 35,17 mg/100g) e carotenoides totais (30,30 a 34,20 mg/100g), nao se observou diferenca significativa. Os atributos sensoriais avaliados apresentaram resultados variando na escala sensorial entre "nao gostei nem desgostei" e "gostei muito" (medias de 5,80 a 7,06). Nos atributos docura, corpo e atitude de compra nao houve diferenca (p>0,05) entre as bebidas, porem, diferiram estatisticamente (p.0,05) no atributo impressao global. A bebida com FOS apresentou uma aceitacao semelhante a bebida controle, mostrando ser uma opcao de alimento funcional atendendo as expectativas dos consumidores, que buscam alimentos saudaveis, nutritivos e saborosos.
The purpose of this work was to develop three mixed drinks based on caja (Spondias mombin L.) and cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale) pulps, added prebiotic ingredients and to evaluate their chemical, physicochemical and sensory properties. Four formulations with combinations of two pulp fruit, sucrose and prebiotic ingredients (Standard inulin, inulin high performance-HP-and fructooligosaccharides FOS) were developed. The mixed drinks were submitted the following analysis pH, acidity, soluble solids, sugars, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, total polyphenols and acceptance ratings of the sensory attributes such as: consistency, sweetness and overall impression, attitude and consumers purchase preference. The pH, total soluble solids and polyphenol results showed difference (p . 0.01) significant, while for the analysis of total acidity, sugars, ascorbic acid and carotenoids, it was not observed significant difference. The sensory attributes evaluates showed results ranging in scale between "I did not like or disliked "and" liked "(average 5.80 to 7.06). The attributes sweetness, consistency and attitude of buying showed no difference (p> 0.05) between drinks, however, differed significantly (p . 0.05) for the attribute of overall impression. The drink with FOS showed a similar acceptance when compared to traditional (sucrose) drink, showing an option of meeting the functional food expectations of consumers, who seek healthy, nutritious and tasty foods.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anacardium/química , Bebidas/análise , Frutas/química , Inulina/administração & dosagem , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Prebióticos/análise , Comportamento do Consumidor , Preferências Alimentares , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Inulina/análise , Oligossacarídeos/análise , PaladarRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial do cajuzinho do cerrado (Anacardium humile) sobre larvas de Aedes aegypti. Os extratos hexânico, etanólico, aquoso e o óleo das folhas foram obtidos do material vegetal coletado em fragmento de cerrado. Estes foram testados nas concentrações 1 por cento; 0,5 por cento, 0,25 por cento, 0,125 por cento, 0,05 por cento e 0,0125 por cento diluídas em dimetil sulfóxido 1 por cento. A contagem das larvas mortas foi realizada após 24 horas. Utilizou-se o método Probit de análise para obtenção das CL50 e respectivos intervalos de confiança. Conclui-se que apenas o óleo extraído de folhas de Anacardium humile causa 100 por cento de mortalidade em larvas de 4º estádio de Aedes aegypti nas concentrações até 0,125 por cento, o que parece indicar que os ingredientes ativos estão na fase mais apolar. O que indica a potencialidade de uso da planta como larvicida de Aedes aegypti, entretanto, novos testes deverão ser conduzidos utilizando outros órgãos vegetais, assim como outros métodos e solventes utilizados na extração.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Anacardium humile (monkey nuts) against Aedes aegypti larvae. Hexane, ethanol and aqueous extracts and oil from leaves were obtained from plant material collected from the Brazilian savanna. These were tested at concentrations of 1 percent, 0.5 percent, 0.25 percent, 0.125 percent, 0.05 percent and 0.0125 percent, diluted in 1 percent dimethyl sulfoxide. The dead larvae were counted 24 hours later. The Probit analysis method was used to obtain the LC50 and the respective confidence intervals. The conclusion was that only the oil extracted from Anacardium humile leaves caused 100 percent mortality among fourth-instar Aedes aegypti larvae, using concentrations of up to 0.125 percent. This seems to indicate that the active ingredients are present in the most apolar phase. This indicates that this plant has potential use as a larvicide against Aedes aegypti. However, new tests should be carried out using other plant organs, as well as using other methods and solvents for the extraction.
Assuntos
Animais , Aedes , Anacardium/química , Inseticidas , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Larva/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Cashew nut shell oil has been reported to possess tumour promoting property. Therefore an attempt has been made to study the modulatory effect of cashew nut (Anlacardium occidentale) kernel oil on antioxidant potential in liver of Swiss albino mice and also to see whether it has tumour promoting ability like the shell oil. The animals were treated orally with two doses (50 and 100 microl/animal/day) of kernel oil of cashew nut for 10 days. The kernel oil was found to enhance the specific activities of SOD, catalase, GST, methylglyoxalase I and levels of GSH. These results suggested that cashew nut kernel oil had an ability to increase the antioxidant status of animals. The decreased level of lipid peroxidation supported this possibility. The tumour promoting property of the kernel oil was also examined and found that cashew nut kernel oil did not exhibit any solitary carcinogenic activity.